1. Retention of copyright

Authors retain the copyright they hold in works published in the journal. Assignment of exclusive copyright to the journal or institute is not required as a condition of publication. Moral rights, including authorship, attribution by name and integrity of the work, are protected under applicable law.

Where economic rights belong wholly or partly to an employer or another rights holder, authors disclose this before publication and secure the authority necessary to grant rights and apply an open licence. The author and the holder of economic rights may differ; the article must identify the actual position.

The corresponding author ensures that all co-authors agree to publication and confirms their authority to act on the co-authors’ behalf to the necessary extent. Submission or possession of an ORCID identifier does not itself establish rights in someone else’s material.

2. Non-exclusive right to publish

After acceptance, authors or other authorised rights holders grant the journal and the institute as publisher the non-exclusive right to:

• make the first journal publication of the accepted article;
• identify Criminology (Uzbekistan) as the source of its original journal publication;
• reproduce and distribute the article in print and electronic formats, index, archive and preserve it over the long term;
• register and update the DOI and necessary metadata and provide them to the relevant services;
• carry out technical formatting, format conversion and other actions needed for publication, accessibility and digital preservation;
• make the published article available to readers under the agreed CC BY 4.0 licence.

The grant is documented by a verifiable method before publication. Authors remain free to use their work and enter into other agreements compatible with the rights granted and an existing open licence. Non-exclusive permission to publish does not assign all rights to the publisher.

Posting a preprint and first journal publication are different events. Authors disclose earlier versions and related publications; the eligibility of a particular submission is determined by editorial rules. The publisher’s technical rights do not authorise undisclosed changes to the article’s scholarly meaning: substantive changes follow the appropriate editorial procedure.

3. Creative Commons licence

Articles published under this policy are made available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International — CC BY 4.0. Within the copyright and similar rights licensed, users may:

• copy and redistribute all or part of the material in any medium or format;
• translate, adapt, revise and create derivative works;
• use the material for research, educational, commercial and other lawful purposes, subject to the licence conditions.

Uses covered by CC BY 4.0 require no additional journal permission or licence fee. Any charges for publishing services are governed separately and do not become charges for permitted reuse.

The licence cannot be revoked for users who comply with its conditions. Discontinuing distribution, changing the publisher or subsequently changing the policy does not cancel a licence properly granted earlier. The licence does not grant rights that the licensor did not hold.

The article page and published file identify the rights holder, year and applicable licence link. The CC BY 4.0 summary helps explain its conditions; the full legal code is legally controlling. This policy does not modify that text or impose additional restrictions on the rights it grants.

Example of an article notice

© [year] [rights holder or rights holders]. This article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC BY 4.0). Material carrying a separate exclusion notice is governed by its stated terms.

4. Attribution and acknowledgement of the source

When sharing material under CC BY 4.0, including in modified form, users must:

• retain supplied identification of the creators and others designated to receive attribution, in a reasonable manner provided for by the licence;
• retain supplied copyright, licence and disclaimer-of-warranties notices;
• retain a link to the source material to the extent reasonably practicable;
• identify CC BY 4.0 and provide the licence text or a link to it;
• indicate their modifications and retain indications of previous modifications;
• avoid falsely implying endorsement of the reuse by the authors, journal or institute.

The method depends on the medium and context. For scholarly use, the journal recommends a full reference: authors, article title, Criminology (Uzbekistan), year, volume or issue, pages or article number, and DOI where available. This is a scholarly citation recommendation, not an additional CC BY 4.0 restriction or a requirement to use a single attribution format.

Example of attribution

[Authors]. [Article title]. Criminology (Uzbekistan). [Year; volume/issue; pages or article number]. [DOI or persistent link]. CC BY 4.0. Changes: [description of changes or “unchanged”].

If the licensor requests removal of particular attribution information, section 3(a)(3) of the licence applies to the extent reasonably practicable. Additional legal restrictions or effective technological measures that prevent permitted use must not be imposed. Adaptations do not automatically have to carry the same licence, but terms on the adapter’s own contribution must not prevent compliance with CC BY 4.0 for the original material.

5. Author reuse and self-archiving

The journal imposes no embargo on self-archiving permitted versions. Within their rights and applicable licences, authors may:

• deposit submitted, accepted and final published versions in institutional or subject repositories;
• post them on personal or institutional websites;
• use the work in teaching, lectures, conferences, theses, books, reports and subsequent research;
• distribute copies for research, educational and professional purposes;
• prepare translations and adaptations with their status and changes identified.

After journal publication, authors are encouraged to add a link to the official article and its DOI to earlier deposits. Distribution of the published version must retain applicable notices and comply with the licence. Publisher formatting is not itself a reason to prohibit sharing a Version of Record made available under CC BY 4.0.

Self-archiving does not permit simultaneous submission to several journals, undisclosed duplicate publication or presenting a translation as new original research. Third-party restrictions, confidentiality and participant consent also apply to repositories and authors’ websites.

6. Article versions

The following versions are distinguished:

• Submitted Manuscript: the text sent to the journal before completion of peer review and acceptance.
• Author Accepted Manuscript: the text accepted after peer review and necessary revisions, before final publisher preparation.
• Version of Record: the final version on the journal website with publication details and a DOI, if assigned.

The version and its date must be clearly identified when deposited. An accepted manuscript or author translation must not be represented as the official publisher file. Where possible, a link to the Version of Record is added after publication; the status of a distributed copy is updated following a correction or retraction.

Permission to deposit a manuscript and selection of an open licence for that version are separate matters. The published article’s licence is not automatically assigned to a previously posted preprint without the corresponding authorisation. Authors must consider licences already granted and avoid making inconsistent promises to new recipients.

7. Third-party material

Authors are responsible for the permissibility of using other people’s illustrations, tables, photographs, maps, questionnaires, scales, recordings, code and text extracts. Before publication, they establish whether use is allowed under an open licence, rights-holder permission, an applicable exception or another lawful basis. Separate permission is unnecessary where the use is already lawfully authorised.

A different licence or exclusion from CC BY 4.0 is identified beside the material and, where necessary, in a permissions list. The source, rights holder, applicable terms and restrictions relevant to reuse are stated. Merely citing a source does not replace permission where permission is necessary.

Where permission covers only publication in the journal, the material must not be described as freely reusable for every subsequent purpose. The exclusion must be understandable to readers; further use may require contacting the rights holder. Absence of a notice does not create rights the journal has not obtained.

Criminological material requires separate assessment of restrictions on case records, surveillance images, victim photographs, interviews and court documents. Copyright permission does not replace consent to disclose identifiable information or lawful access to a restricted source. A document’s official status likewise does not imply unlimited permission to disseminate the personal data it contains.

8. Data, software code and supplementary material

Terms for datasets, code, models and supplementary files are stated separately on the hosting page, in the file or in the repository. The rights holder, licence, version and any necessary exclusions are identified. The article’s licence does not automatically apply to every linked resource or the contents of an external link.

An appropriate software licence is recommended for software; CC BY 4.0 should not be treated as a universal substitute. Data terms are selected with regard to rights in the database structure and contents, and the ability to disclose the data lawfully. Download availability alone does not constitute permission for every use.

An open licence does not require publication of restricted case records, participant identifiers, signed consent forms, re-identification keys or other protected information. The Data and Reproducibility Policy, Informed Consent Policy and Privacy Statement apply. Where lawful restrictions exist, the available verification or controlled-access procedure and the grounds for restriction are explained.

Authors must not promise an open licence where contractual obligations, third-party rights or protection of people prevent them from granting it. Restrictions are identified before release; CC BY 4.0 cannot first be properly granted and then followed by an arbitrary prohibition on already authorised use.

9. Reviews and editorial documents

Reviews, internal correspondence and decisions are confidential editorial documents and are outside the published article’s CC BY 4.0 licence. Access by authorised editors, authors to reports intended for them, and other participants is determined by their role and the Peer Review Policy.

Under the double-anonymous model, reviews and the link between a particular reviewer and a manuscript are not published openly. One participant’s consent does not authorise disclosure about others or change the adopted model. Introducing open reviews would require a separate transparent procedure, necessary consents, confidentiality safeguards and explicit licences; this policy does not introduce that procedure.

Disclosure outside the authorised process requires the necessary permission or a specific lawful basis, including for a competent ethics assessment. It is limited to necessary material. Authorship of a review does not itself authorise free dissemination of someone else’s unpublished information contained in it.

10. Copyright and licence violations

A report should, where possible, identify the article, disputed material, rights holder, basis of the claim and supporting evidence. The editors consider it impartially under the Plagiarism Policy, Publication Ethics and Malpractice Policy and Policy on Handling Allegations of Misconduct.

Plagiarism and copyright infringement can overlap but are not identical: authorised copying does not justify presenting another person’s contribution as one’s own, while a citation does not make all copying lawful. Authors have a reasonable opportunity to explain and provide documents; access to disputed material may be temporarily restricted where necessary.

Following assessment, the journal may correct attribution or a licence notice, replace or remove an infringing element, publish a correction, expression of concern or retraction notice. Material changes to the scholarly record are documented; an article must not be silently replaced with another version.

Retraction does not cancel rights properly granted earlier to a compliant user under CC BY 4.0. However, a licence applied by someone without the necessary rights does not grant rights in another person’s work. When sharing research further, users are encouraged to check and reflect corrections or retractions; this is a recommendation for an accurate scholarly record, not a new CC BY 4.0 prohibition.

If a user breaches CC BY 4.0, the termination and reinstatement rules in its section 6 apply. In particular, rights may be reinstated automatically if the violation is cured within 30 days of the user discovering it; express reinstatement by the licensor is also possible. This does not remove potential liability for the earlier violation.

11. Other rights and restrictions

CC BY 4.0 grants only copyright and similar rights, including applicable database rights, that the licensor is authorised to grant. It does not grant patent, trademark, privacy or personality rights, or override personal data protection and confidentiality.

Moral rights are governed by applicable law. The limited non-assertion of such rights contemplated by the licence, to the extent needed to exercise licensed rights, operates only where legally permissible. It is not a waiver of all personal rights and does not permit false attribution or claims of official support.

Journal or institute logos and names do not entitle users to present their products as official. Public-domain material and uses covered by a lawful exception do not require CC BY 4.0 permission to the extent that the licence is unnecessary. Ideas and facts do not acquire new copyright restrictions merely by appearing within a licensed article.

Users check the terms for each item and other applicable rights. Further disclosure of identifiable criminological data may require a separate basis regardless of the open licence on the article’s text.

12. Responsibility and absence of endorsement

Opinions, conclusions and recommendations in articles are those of their authors and do not necessarily represent the journal, institute or Editorial Board. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of submitted material, their authority and necessary permissions. Users are responsible for the nature of their own reuse, translation or adaptation.

CC BY 4.0 is not a warranty of scientific accuracy, fitness for a particular purpose or possession of every possible permission. The warranty and liability provisions in section 5 of the licence apply to the extent permitted by law. They do not remove the editors’ own duties to consider substantiated reports and correct the scholarly record.

Unofficial translations, adaptations and collections must be identified so they can be distinguished from the journal’s official version. An open licence does not imply endorsement of a subsequent user’s conclusions or purposes by the authors or institute.

13. Policy administration

Following approval, this policy takes effect on its publication date on the official Criminology (Uzbekistan) website. Actual publication and amendment dates are recorded. The licence of each article appears on its page and in its file; a new policy does not automatically change earlier materials’ terms without the necessary rights and permissions.

The editorial office is responsible for applying the policy; the founder and publisher is the Research Institute of Criminology of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Reviews of the policy take account of legislation, standard licence conditions and publishing practice. Valid rights already granted to users remain in place under the applicable licence.

Questions about copyright, licences and permissions should be sent through the institute’s contact address: info@uzkti.uz. Identify the article or other material, the proposed use or nature of the claim, and a reply contact. No additional permission request is necessary for use expressly allowed by the current licence.